For whom the bell tolls Hemingway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For whom the bell tolls Hemingway - Essay Example He takes sides with the natives of Spain fighting against the Nationalist Generalissimo Francisco Franco. Robert Jordan leaves the comforts of his home and the safety of his career to face the challenges of guerilla life. The â€Å"pine needle floor of the forest† (1) is what he chooses when he leaves America, and all the dangers involved with guerilla warfare. A strong sense of duty compels him to make this choice. It is the result of his realization that the suffering of others is not something one can watch from the safety of one’s own home. Instead, it is a call for action to help alleviate the suffering if it is within one’s power. Every suffering individual is not someone different from each one of us, but we ourselves. This is the driving force that brings all the members of this guerilla band together. The intense comradeship felt among the guerillas is remarkable. This feeling reinforces the conviction of the individuals involved that no man is an I-land. The self does not come into concern. It is the others, the common cause that is of vital significance. The sense of belonging to the larger humanity than to a narrow, small group of people is the pervading feeling that binds the people together. The lack of modern machinery and the versatility, power and speed that comes with it are absent among the guerillas. Against the modern, well-equipped, powerful enemies, all that the guerilla group has is quite limited. A comparatively smaller number of people with real commitment, a few horses and some explosives – these are their only strongholds. But what gives them real strength is the intense companionship – the feeling that they are all one entity – for that matter all those in the whole world who are sympathetic towards them. The readiness to let go of themselves for the sake of the common cause, for the sake of others is the hallmark of the guerilla band. Robert Jordan and his elderly guide Auselmo are all geared to face

Importance of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Essay Example for Free

Importance of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Essay The United States is and will continue to be a very diverse place. More than 8 million legal immigrants came to the U. S. between 1981 and 1990, and an undetermined number of undocumented immigrants enter the United States each year. In addition, the United States includes people of many religions, languages, economic groups, and other cultural groups. In order to be a successful manager in today’s very diverse society a manager needs to be open and understanding of cultural differences, different ethnicities, and gender differences among employees. Diversity is the presence of people from a wide range of backgrounds all possessing different traits. Some possible contributors to diversity include but are not limited to differences in age, race, ethnic origin, culture, physical abilities, religion and sexual orientation. As the text book states, ‘bringing diverse workers into an organization is seldom a seamless transition. ’ People tend to prejudge and place stereotypes or generalized beliefs that all members of a group possess the same characteristics from different cultures, race, or sex; this must be overcome. To be effective, managers and employees need to recognize, respect, and capitalize on each other’s differences. By being diverse in its employees, a business has a better opportunity for new ideas and growth potential. As discussed this week in class, when the department head turned down the Jamaican friend for the position, even though he seemed better qualified, it showed stereotyping and prejudices can have a negative effect in the workplace. The situation made for an uncomfortable, even negative environment in the workplace. By the department head’s negative behavior it caused a barrier for productivity and potentially harmed working relationships. It is essential in today’s business world for managers and professionals to understand the importance of cultural, ethnical and gender differences to make a positive work environment possible. While performing the ball and sock experiment, I was put outside of my comfort zone and was forced to see what it was like in someone else’s shoes. I found the lefty experiment to be awkward and difficult. I started in the early morning as I was getting ready for work. The seemingly thoughtless tasks that I completed every morning such as showering, brushing my teeth and hair, and eating breakfast now became hard and tedious. I continued the experiment when I returned home from work. Preparing dinner as a lefty was virtually impossible and almost dangerous. Most tasks as a lefty were manageable after some time and practice, but operating a knife was not. I am sure that with a little time and patience these tasks could have become easier to me. I can see how it could be frustrating living as a lefty in a right handed world. This is the same concept as being from a different culture, ethnicity, and gender then those in your workplace. Although the transition into a new company can be difficult, with time and some adjustment it is possible. I can relate the ball in the sock experiment to the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences in the work place because adjusting to something that we are not accustomed to can be challenging. It is important to understand that people we come into contact with everyday come from a background that we may not know much about. It can be difficult to adjust when meeting new people or entering a new work environment. I believe an organizations success can be attributed to its ability to embrace diversity and appreciate the benefits. A workplace who supports diversity can supply an assortment of solutions to problems. A diverse workplace can facilitate a broader service range. It can allow a company to provide their service to those all around the world. I think the most significant benefit to supporting diversity in the workplace is the inspiration it gives to all of its employees to perform to their greatest capacity. Diversity allows employees to come together to accomplish a common goal as a team. Employees will feel comfortable to share their viewpoints and ideas to execute a goal or solve a problem. I believe diversity opens the door for workplaces to achieve higher productivity, result in higher profits, and benefit the community. Diversity may not be something that people are familiar with and may even have a difficult time adjusting to, which is similar to trying to using your opposite hand in daily tasks. I believe understanding diversity will show employees the importance of it in the workplace and how it can enhance the quality of work.

Leadership examples | Robert Kuok Hock Nien

Leadership examples | Robert Kuok Hock Nien Leadership can be defined as a persons ability to let others willing to follow leadership. Every organization needs leaders at all levels. Leaders can be found and nurtured if you look at the following character traits. Visionary leader has a clear, vivid picture of where to go, and firmly grasp that looks like what is success and how to achieve it. But it is not enough to have a vision; leaders also must be shared and put into practice. Jack Welch, the former chairman and chief executive officer of General Electric Company, said, Good business leaders create a vision, a clear vision, passion, vision and relentlessly drive it through. (Investing Value) The leader must be able to communicate, buy its followers in his or her vision. He or she must communicate clearly and enthusiasm, passion is contagious. Besides that, a good leader must have the discipline and single-minded in his or her vision, as well as to guide his or her actions, and to the goals of the team. The action is a sign of the leader. A leader does not suffer analysis paralysis, but the thing to do is always in pursuit of the vision, inspire others to do the same. The simplest definition for leadership is a leader having followers. According to Keith Grint, leadership is not simply to delineate a space in a language game, and it is not merely a game of sophistry; indeed, we dont need to agree on the definition but we need to be able to understand each others position so as to make sense of each others arguments (Grint, 2010). A good leader will lead the organization to a better future and also provide benefits to society. The characteristics of a leader also important because it may affect the society when the leader became the role model of the world. Peoples will practice what the leader done to become the way success. Objectives To learn more about those succeed leadership To identified the way of the leaders succeed To compare the similarity and the difference between those leaders To understand the characteristics of each leader Research methodology During this assignment, most of my information came from internet and also refers from some reference book to get more details to support what I need to do. Besides that, I do ask for some peoples opinion on the leader that I had chosen to understand the reason why and how the leader influenced the world and also the person himself/ herself. Literature review The simplest definition for leadership is a leader having followers. According to Keith Grint, leadership is not simply to delineate a space in a language game, and it is not merely a game of sophistry; indeed, we dont need to agree on the definition but we need to be able to understand each others position so as to make sense of each others arguments (Grint, 2010). Leadership ability, which means that the leader has the ability to do something through talent and technology (Smith, 2010). Talent is natural and technical capabilities through training and experience. Talent is certainly helpful, but not required. I know many people are born with leadership close to zero, but become great leaders through training, experience, and most importantly, persistence (Smith, 2010). Good leadership is critical to a successful school. Success comes from aiming high with the clear vision, ethos and communication that good leadership brings. We will act to support high quality school leadership and inspired ambitious school communities. (Ambitious, Excellent Schools Our Agenda for Action, Scottish Executive, 2004, p5) Even more recently, it is not an isolated activity, investment in a person, but all kinds of people, and contributes to the leadership of effective leadership, leadership distribution. If this happens, then the leadership willing to go beyond the individual management training, the need to obtain a wider development team leadership: leadership skills, how to develop? The new qualification is called the National Professional Qualification in Integrated Centre Leadership (National College for School Leadership, 2005): It is acknowledged that the early leadership with distinctive emphases, especially in the development of integrated services and hybrid models of the staff continue to be a feature of the early childhood work. One view was that the leadership is personal qualities, therefore, the single leadership role, the concept of competition and power of the built-in (Thornton, 2005) does not sit easily with the cooperation of the way early childhood education practice basis. Early years before school services are often non-hierarchical, and the majority of women workers (Ebbeck and Waniganayake, 2003; Rodd, 2005). Fairly flat structure means, assigned leadership models are often enough to be the priority in the early childhood setting, although in pen green (Pen Green, 2005) asserts that if we transform the life chances of children can only be completed by the far-sighted leadership. Early childhood sector continues to grow; we are now the majority of families use of pre-school education (Scottish Executive, 2004a). These different settings often have a different concept, structure and quality assurance of various models: Muijs et al (2004) report that they are inspected by different bodies. Solly (2003) conducted a study finds that there is regarded as a leader in setting the differences in the various types of child care. Pre-school, primary school, private and voluntary settings, respondents believe that a single leader, but a formal leadership kindergarten celebration and centers of excellence provide a broader interpretation. Early education to clarify their leadership, according to a different set, they are based. For example, Osgood reported that private sector providers are easier to apply business principles, a set of management and volunteer management department set less comfortable with entrepreneurship agenda (Osgood, 2004). Management kindergartens tend to have a collaborative leadership and community-centered way, jeopardize the gains for fear of competition (Osgood, 2004). The leader sex may be a way, in addition to the education sector leadership in early childhood. Rhoda (2005), women determine the concept and need to be led by the question: What kind of leadership could mean that early childhood services, they may lack of understanding. Involving sets (Dunlop, 2005), the relationship between the concept of leadership in the department, has more in common with early childhood education teaching method than the traditional business philosophy, leadership. There is a view that the different leadership styles of men and women leaders: Recent research has provided no evidence to support this (Muijs). However, Solly (2003) found that the majority of early childhood leaders, in his study that the difference between the department and other leadership styles. A social constructivist mode of learning often early years, advocates, Solly found that leaders of early childhood education itself active learning tendency to make others. The participants felt that the advantage of their own propaganda, inspiration, enthusiasm, and spirit, are lifelong learners and teamwork (Solly, 2003). In my opinion, I do agree that some leader was born to be but most of them were made. Nobody will be the perfect one but after trained, most of the attitude will bring up after training to become a leader. Finding The leaders that I choose for my assignment is the co-founders of Amway Richard Devos and Jay Van Andel, and the chairman of Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts chain Robert Kuok Hock Nien. Background Richard Devos Mr. Richard M. DeVos, the rich is the co-founder of the Amway Corporation, and served as vice president. Rich DeVos met a founding partner of Amway Corporation, the lifetime friend Jay Van Andel in high school Houdiweishi willing to pay 25 cents a week, bike to school. In 1949, Mr. DeVos formation of JA-RI, and began selling the product direct sales basis. In 1959, he founded Amway Corporation (short form as American Way) and Van Andel and start selling to friends, family, and door-purpose cleaner. DeVos to step down in 1993, Doug, his son took over as president of the company. In October 2000, Amway has been one of four subsidiaries of a new holding company, Alticor, Access Business Group LLC, a provider of business services, and Jetstar operations in North America, based on the Web three sister companies: Access Business Group LLC., a business services provider, and Quixtar Inc., a Web-based business in North America. He served as the founding chairman of the National Organization on Disability. He is the Chairman of the National Basketball Association. He served as chairman of the Direct Selling Association. He served as a director and founder of the company Alticor. Amway Chairman of the Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, he served as a board member of the National Organization on Disability, the Board of Directors, Gerald R Ford Foundation: Member, Board of Directors, the governor of Florida; Northwood University the Council freedom trustee: an honorary member of the Committee, DeVos Childrens Hospital; researcher, the worlds scholarship at Duke University, Edinburgh Award, Newcomen Society: Board of Directors of the past, the spectrum of health; container president, before the fiscal Chairman of the National Policy Committee, the Republican National Committee, the Chairman of the Committee of AIDS past members. He was in the U.S. Air Force 1944-1946. A well-known speaker, Mr. DeVos has appeared around the world hundreds of thousands of people. Recorded lectures, sales to the United States, free economy Education Foundation, the Alexander Hamilton Award, he wrote three books: believe, compassionate capitalism, and I sincerely hope that ten lessons in life and I really hope, 10 lessons of 71-year-old, his heart transplant, and provide such perseverance, confidence, confidence, respect and faith, life, life-changing experience. September 1991, Mr. DeVos and his family obtained the National Basketball Association, the Orlando Magic franchise he received numerous awards and honors, including: Davenport University Outstanding Business Award 2000: We can make a difference to pay tribute to the life Award in 1999 from West Michigan, the government hopes, Humanitarian Award, in 1999, the American Spirit Award, the Republican House of Representatives and the Senate in the 1998 Junior Achievement National Business Hall of Fame in 1998. Professor Horatio Alger in 1996 Horatio Alger Award, Edison Award in 1994 by the American associate professor of marketing: a year in the Adam Smith Free Enterprise Award from the American Legislative Exchange Council 1993: Donald J. Potter Humanitarian Award by the YMCA Heritage Club Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1993, the social responsibility of entrepreneurs year 1992, the annual implementation, sales and marketing, University of Arizona, 1991: William Booth Award Salvation Army in 1990, appointed by the competent international school achievement Charter in 1990, the United Nations Environment Programme Achievement Award of the organization, to accept on behalf of Amway in 1989, Napoleon Hill Gold Medal Corporate Achievement Award in 1989, greatly Grand Rapids business hall of fame in the 1989 Entrepreneur of the Year in 1988, the University of Missouri, 1979 Direct Marketing Association Hall of Fame Award, Outstanding Management Award, Industry Week, freedom of speech, Thomas Jeffer son Award, Kiwanis: American Enterprise award-winning senior management of National Association ; can accommodate 10 honorary doctorate degrees different colleges and universities throughout the country, and honor due to OMICRON Delta Kappa, the national leadership of the association. In April 1998, his family through the RDV sports was named WNBA franchise the right International in Orlando Miracle Mr. DeVos and his family have Orlando Sun Bear Hockey League. He is a Grand Rapids Christian high school graduates and participants Calvin College in Grand Rapids. Today the company, now operated by Alticor in 2000 after the reorganization under the umbrella of the revenue of $ 10.9 billion, 17% in 2011, the 11th time in 12 years the company has recorded an increase in sales. DeVos also owns the Orlando Magic. He built a new arena for the team at the Amway Arena in 2010, $ 480 million. Jay Van Andel June 3, 1924, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, died of Parkinsons disease, December 7, 2004, in Ada, MI. Entrepreneurs. Van Andel has become a pilgrimage site belong to evangelical Protestant denominations, Christian Reformed Church Dutch immigrants. Christian high school in the city, the Van Andel and DeVos, began his flight school after returning to service in the Army Air Corps during World War II. They opened a restaurant in the hard butter hamburger fry recipe from their mother, but later sold to the two companies, and buy a Caribbean cruise. They plan to start a business seagoing, but they returned to Cuba and Grand Rapids near the ship was damaged. Amway co-founder Jay Van Andel, grown into one of the most impressive and controversial success story in the U.S. business. Van Andel architect Amway attractive direct marketing strategy, through personal contact network sales of consumer goods, but the company from consumer watchdog groups, sometimes attracted unfavorable attention. Along with the long-term business partner Richard DeVos and Van Andel is the most prominent business leaders in a Michigan Republican and conservative political causes and generous contributions. Van Andel and DeVos business, import and export called Nutrilite supplement manufacturers. Use what they have learned, from the sale of your friends and family, they founded Amway in the basement of the family Van Andel in 1959 LOC, full-featured household cleaners. Their company name to American way, and relies on a multi-level marketing scheme. New sales recruits will buy the goods and the price tag as an independent distributor for sale to others. However, the key to success is to recruit other people to join the team to grow sales, independent distributors will receive a percentage of the profits from sales of their recruits; returns. Van Andel wrote all sales and marketing materials in the early stages of Amway expanded to include self-help books and tapes incentives. Also to be sold to independent distributors of new recruits and various brands of Amway products gradually extended to almost all consumer goods, from soap to vitamins. Amway basic knowledge of free enterprise, and motivate the sales mix is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹not without its critics, and some are not satisfied with the members who claim that the company is what is essentially a large-scale fraud. It was investigated by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for several years, but the founder is connected to the Grand Rapids birth Republicans will go to the White House in 1974, Gerald Ford, to help it to avoid further investigation. Amway cannot escape investigation, however, making a false report tax evasion charges brought in 1983 by the Government of Canada through the United States and Canada boundary value goods. Amway paid a fine of $ 58000000, which is the largest ever imposed on Canadian history. Amway was an international context and a large number of members in China and other Asian countries during the 1990s. The company eventually changed its name to Alticor, is considered worth $ $ 62000000000 in 2004. Van Andel retired in 1995, will no longer serve as Chairman of the Company, and continue to be involved in philanthropy. He and DeVos generously to various city cultural institutions Grand Rapids, in various projects, bear the name of Van Andel Van Andel Institute, dedicated to education and medical research. He also funded a plant in Arizona, hoping to prove through scientific methods, that the world is the highest in six days, the Christian Bible. He is also an enthusiastic donor to Republican coffers and donated $ 2000000 in the presidential campaign in 2004, the United States, resulting in a series of television commercials, questioned the value of the Democratic Party, the White House is hoping John Kerry (John Kerry) the development and experience of the organization . Big Rapids Hoekstra married Betty Van Andel in 1952, he had four children. He owns a private island, and later years, Van Andel died in January 2004 in the British Virgin Islands family where he spent his last few weeks, too. He returned to Michigan and December 7, 2004, aged 80, after suffering from Parkinsons disease for several years, died at his home in Ada, Michigan. He is survived by his son, Steve, and Dave, his daughter Nan and spines, and ten grandchildren. Forbes estimated his personal wealth at $ 29 billion. For me, the biggest source of pleasure rather than the acquisition of material things are endless, but to create wealth, give up, he wrote in his autobiography of 1998, a proactive life, according to Uncle Adam. Mr. Sitan in the Washington Post. The job of everyone on this planet is the ultimate glory of God. Van Andel died in 2004 at age 80 due to heart failure. Robert Kuok Hock Nien Robert Kuok was born on October 6, 1923, in Johor Bahru and his three brothers, youngest. He is an influential member of the Malaysian Chinese business. According to Forbes magazine estimated his net worth is about $ 90 billion, which makes him the richest man in Southeast Asia. In addition to a large number of enterprises in Malaysia, his companies have investments in many countries in Asia. His business interests consist of sugar cane plantations (Perlis Plantations Bhd), sugar refining, flour milling, animal feed, oil and mining to finance, hotels, real estate, trade and transport (International Shipping Corporation, Transmile Group) and publications. Just like Boon Siew and Lim Goh Tong, who emigrated from China, Kuoks father arrived in Malaya from Fujian, China in the early 20th century. And unlike the late Boon Siew and Goh Tong, Kuok is an educated rich man (Unknown, 2010). He received his early education in English schools and then enrolled into Raffles College in Singapore, with Lee Kuan Yew as one of the classmates. He had a short stint working with Japanese companies, Mitsubishi after studies at Raffles was stopped because the invasion of Japan, before helping his father with the trade business. After the death of his father, Kuok and his two brothers have decided to continue the legacy business, starting with the distribution of sugar and some other commodities under the new post-colonial government (Ikhwan, 2011). Business skills they have picked up from their father, who is an avid trader. In 1961, he made a coup by buying cheap sugar from India before the price goes up. Kuok massive involvement in the sugar industry allows the company to be a supplier of open government and Kuok sugar refinery plant to grow again. At the height of his business, he has control of 80% of the Malaysian sugar market with production of 1.5 million tons, equivalent to 10% of the global export market, and so earned his nickname Sugar King of Asia. Encouraged by the success of his sugar business, Kuok has fastened his growing business into flour milling, shipping, logistics, oil and gas and hotel. His resurrections to success are fame and famous due to both his expertise in spotting opportunities and strong network with great people, corporations and governments. In 1971, he built the first Shangri-La Hotel in Singapore. His foray into Hong Kong property is in 1977, when he acquired a new piece of land reclaimed Tsim Sha Tsui East waterfront, where he built a second hotel, the Kowloon Shangri-La. Kuok controls the Shangri-La hotel chain and is the largest shareholder of Transmile Group Berhad, which is engaged in accounting irregularities scandal in 2007, the stock price goes down. In addition, he took Kerry Group a34.9% interest in the South China Morning Post from Murdochs News Corporation in 1993. He said his hotel check every now and then to ensure that staff provides the highest quality service. There are times when he inv ited the taxi driver for a free lunch at the hotels cafe. Kuok is considered a man of truth when dealing with people, including employees. There are stories Kuok sought permission from cabin crew to smoke in an airplane he owns. When the crew told him that he would not have to ask anyone, he responded by saying that he was only asked in a normal passenger capacity. His company has investments in many countries, including Singapore, Thailand, China, Indonesia, Fiji and Australia. Business in China includes 10 bottling companies Coca Cola, ownership of the World Trade Centre Beijing. Confirmed his political influence he was named by one of the childs future advisor Hong Kong in the run up to the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong, and minority interests in CITIC Pacific. He also played an important role in disseminating information and set up a meeting between Malaysia and China governments leading to full diplomatic cross recognition between the two countries. Kuok has married twice and has eight children. He officially retired from the Kerry Group on 1 April, 1993. Now, Kuok Khoon Ean, one of the sons of Robert, handl es most of the day-to-day operations of the business. He was living in Hong Kong at this time. Kuok Group started business as Kuok Brothers Limited in the year 1949 in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, trading rice, sugar and wheat flour. Business activity expanded in 1953 with the opening of the Singapore Branch, Kuok (Singapore) Limited. From a humble beginning, the Kuok Group has grown to become one of the most diverse multinational conglomerate and dynamic in Asia. Driving force behind the growth of the Group is Kuok family, whose vision and commitment to hard work and excellence for more than two generations have made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Kuok Group market leader in many areas. From the beginning of its operations, the Group has set forth the basic values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of integrity, loyalty and discipline. These values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹have served as the basis for achievement during the past 46 years. From a trading post established in Malaysia and Singapore, the Group has expanded its operations in the 1950s and 1960s to Thailand and Indonesia. It focuses on the activities of ancillary and related to growth, and also pursued new business and trade opportunities, particularly in commodities, resulting in a trading relationship with companies in Hamburg, Paris, London and New York. Hong Kong and China become the focus of further development in the region in 1980 after a group of senior man agers 1970sand established Kerry Holdings Limited in Hong Kong in 1974. The name Kerry has become identified with the Kuok Groups extensive operations in Hong Kong and China. The Group has built a management team with great depth and breadth of experience and knowledge. The team continues to focus on herself for the Groups business expansion, particularly in emerging markets in Asia, in areas that complement the Groups business, especially in emerging markets in Asia, in areas that complement the Groups interests and expertise. Central to its future growth is a commitment to maintain the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹that lie at the heart of the Kuok Groups success. To spend money is to earn money.If the food in the staff canteen is good, the food in the hotel is good. (Quotes from Robert Kuok) Company profile Amway (Amway) People helping people, people live better life. Amway is one of the worlds largest direct selling businesses powered by: Brands That Do Wonders Opportunities That Empower Relationships That Endure Global Citizenship Thats Purposeful Amway is above all a family company. Steve Van Andel and Doug DeVos lead a diverse global management team that supports distributors and their goals. Jay Van Andel, said of the company, AMWAY gets people into a new life of excitement, promise, profit, and hope. AMWAY now operates in over 80 countries and territories around the world. For over 50 years, Amway continue to build on the original values and principles established by our founders to ensure the passion for the business stays alive. Freedom Personal opportunity and economic opportunity go hand in hand. With AMWAY you have the freedom to change your life by owning your own business. Family We all need family to cheer us on. We are all members of the global Amway family we respect and take care of each other to foster success. Hope Inspiring you to dream bigger. Amway creates an environment where hope can thrive. Reward Happiness is best achieved through earned success. Amway rewards what you achieve, and also what you help others achieve. Vision and values We work each and every day to help people live better lives. We achieve our vision by helping people everywhere discover their potential and achieve their goals by offering better brands and opportunities for the future, and by sharing generously with the global community. To help us realize our vision, we have six enduring values that the business has been built on. Said co-founders of Amway. Partnership AMWAY is built on the concept of partnership between the co-founders. The partnership that exists among the founding families, employees, and business owners is our most prized possession. We always try to do what is in the long-term best interest of our partners, in a manner that increases trust and confidence. Integrity Integrity is essential to our business success. We do what is right, not just whatever works. AMWAYs success is measured not only in economic terms, but by the respect, trust and credibility. Personal Worth We also acknowledge the uniqueness created in each individual. Every person is worthy of respect, and deserves fair treatment and the opportunity to succeed to the fullest extent of his or her potential. Achievement We are builders and encouragers. We strive for excellence in all we do. Our focus is on continuous improvement, progress and achievement of individual and group goals. We anticipate change, respond swiftly to it, take action to get the job done, and gain from our experiences. We encourage creativity and innovation. Personal Responsibility Each individual is responsible and accountable for achieving personal goals, as well as giving 100 percent effort in helping achieve corporate or team goals. By helping people help themselves, we further the potential for individual and shared success. We also have a responsibility to be good citizens in the communities where we live and work. Free Enterprise We are proud advocates of freedom and free enterprise. Human economic advancement is clearly proven to be best achieved in a free market economy.5.2.2 Shangri-La Hotels and Resort Chain (Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts) The Shangri-La story began in 1971 with their first deluxe hotel in Singapore. Inspired by the legendary land featured in James Hiltons 1933 novel, Lost Horizon, the name Shangri-La encapsulates the serenity and service for which our hotels and resorts are renowned worldwide. Today, Hong Kong-based Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts is Asia Pacifics leading luxury hotel group, Shangri-La Hotels Group are also regarded as one of the worlds finest hotel ownership and management companies. With 75 hotels and resorts throughout Asia Pacific, North America, the Middle East, and Europe, the Shangri-La group has a room inventory of over 30,000. In addition, new hotels are under development in mainland China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Turkey and United Kingdom. The Shangri-La S logo, which resembles uniquely Asian architectural forms, suggests majestic mountains reflected in the waters of a tranquil lake. Shangri-La Hotels are five-star luxury hotels located in premier city addresses across Asia, Middle East, North America and Europe. To treat a stranger as one of our own characterizes the hospitality one can expect from Shangri-La. Discerning travelers will enjoy world-class service amidst tranquil surroundings, coupled with inspirational architecture and design. The finest dining experiences at every hotel and resort ensure that every palate is pampered. But what makes each stay truly memorable is something even more exquisite and rare Shangri-Las special kind of hospitality. Hospitality from the heart. Shangri-La Asia Ltd. is the Asias leading luxury hotel and the fastest growing group. The company, part of Malaysias Kuok Group, operates 45 hotels across Asia. In2005, the company also started to drive to the markets of Europe and North America, including the launch of the construction of the first hotel in Europe, in London, is expected to be completed in 2009. The company also opened its first hotel in the Middle East, in Dubai, and the Maldives. Mainland China, however, form the heart of the empire, with more than 20 hotels in operation, and at least 15 more are expected to open before 2010.Shangri-La is unusual among international hotel companies that it owns the bulk of its hotel. So, the hotels under management are not fully owned by the group, most of which are owned by other companies Kuok Group, and especially by the major shareholders own Shangri-La, Kerry Properties Ltd. Shangri-La hotel mainly operates under the luxury, the five-star Shangri-La brand. The company also op erates a small number of mid-range business-oriented hotel Traders. Listed in Hong Kong and the Stock Exchange of Singapore, Shangri-La remains a small part of the Kuoks business empire. However, founder Robert Kuok holds an active interest in the group, and has expressed his desire to see Shangri-La achieve 100 hotels in life. In 2004, the company recorded revenues of $ 726 million. Inspired by the legendary land featured in James Hilton novel Lost Horizon published in 1933, the name Shangri-La include relaxation and services Shangri-La is renowned worldwide. The group has two brands of Shangri-La and Traders hotels. Shangri-La properties are particularly luxurious five star city centre and resort hotels with the majority of city centre hotel has over 500 guest rooms, while the resort properties tend to be a little smaller. Shangri-La tradition of service excellence begins with the opening of Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore in 1971. These 15 acres of landscaped gardens, the rooms are beautiful and gracious Asian style set a new standard for excellence in the hotel, which to this day continues to guide the design characteristics of the group. Training is a priority Shang ri-La and important source provided annually to ensure employees have the skills and knowledge to be the best in their respective fields. This has earned awards and recognition from the international group of guests, prestigious magazines as well as industry partners and made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Shangri-La hotel one of the employer of choice, with more than 30,000 people serving guests with a philosophy of Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring People. Since its origin, the group has grown rapidly to meet the growing demand for deluxe hotels and resorts in Asia Pacific and the capital of the most sought after leisure destinations. Today, there are 65 properties, which are only 18 third-party management agreements, across Asia-Pacific, North America and the Middle East, representing a rooms inventory of over 28,000. In addition, there are over 40 projects under development, including the location in Austria, Canada, mainland China, France, India, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Se

The Cost of Higher Education Essay -- Education College Graduate Schoo

Introduction The increasing cost of higher education in the United States has been a continuing topic for debate in recent decades. American society emphasizes the importance of education after high school, yet the cost of undergraduate and advanced degrees continually rises at a greater rate than inflation. According to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, cost factors prevent 48% of college-qualified high school graduates from pursuing further education (McKeon, 2004, p. 45). The current system requires the majority of students to accumulate extensive debt with the expectation that they gain lucrative post-graduate employment to repay their loans. The cost of higher education raises several ethical issues. Among these are the perpetuation of the cycle of debt in American commercial society, the hierarchy of differing higher education institutions and cost, and the resulting socioeconomic and racial inequities in college demographics. Both an examination of the current trends and figures and a closer look at a real life example show the troublesome state of higher education and its effect on our commercial society. The Facts about Cost, Financial Assistance, and Loans Research indicates a steep upward trend in the cost of higher education throughout the 20th century. In recent decades, America has witnessed a widening gap between inflation and tuition. An incoming freshman at a typical college incurs charges for tuition, university fees, books, room and board, and other miscellaneous items. During the 1999-2000 academic year the total cost of attendance for full time undergraduates at a 2-year institution averaged $9,083, a 4-year public institution equaled $12,601, and a 4-year private... ...costs? USA Today, 123, 66-67. Retrieved November 29, 2004 from Academic Search Premier Database. Laurence, D. (2003, winter). Notes on the English major. ADE Bulletin 133, 3-5. Malveaux, J. (2004, July). Will tuition become a campaign issue? Black Issues in Higher Education, 21. Retrieved November 30, 2004 from Academic Search Premier Database. McKeon, H. P. (2004, January). Intervention is needed. USA Today, 1/5/04. Reiland, R. (1996, September) Deconstructing the ivory tower. National Review, 48, 36. Retrieved November 29, 2004, from Academic Search Premier Database. Through a different lens: A new angle on the price spiral in higher education. (2000, January/February). The National Center for Postsecondary Improvement. University of Minnesota. (2004). Retrieved December 12, 2004 from http://www1.umn.edu/twincities/01_about.php

Teaching Competency of English Language Teachers

COMMUNICATION AS AN IMPORTANT SOFT SKILL IN LANGUAGE TEACHING Mrs. N. Mahalakshmi D. T. Ed. , M. A. , M. Ed. , NET. , PGDACE. Research Scholar Department of Education Annamalai University ————————————————- [email  protected] com Abstract ————————————————- English is being taught as a second language in our Indian schools. As it is our national language, much importance is given to this language in our education system. The language teachers are expected to be more competent to develop the basic skills of the language so as to develop the communicative competence of the learners.Now-a-days, soft skills are considered as another important aspect of the teachers for efficient teaching. Regarding the soft skills, communication skill is the most important one that is needed by the language teachers to optimize the learning experience of the students. This paper tries to reveal the need of Effective Communication Skill as one of the important soft skill for the language teachers. The concept of soft skills Soft skills can be said to incorporate all aspects of generic skills that include the cognitive elements associated with non-academic skills.Soft skills are identified to be the most critical skills in the current global education and the era of technology. The reorientation of education for sustainability also relates the importance of these soft skills. Soft skills in Education Vast research and expert opinions have been sought in the effort to determine the specific soft skills to be implemented and used in higher institutions of learning. Based on the research findings obtained, seven soft skills have been identified and chosen to be implemented in higher education as: * Communicative skills * Thinking skills and problem solving skills * T eam work force Life-long learning and information management * Entrepreneur skill * Ethics, moral and professionalism and * Leadership skill The important soft skill needed for the language teacher Communication is as important aspect of language teaching. Effective communication skills are required for effective language teaching. Teachers of English are expected to have good command over the language and possess excellent communication skills. Communication skills include – using the target language effectively, the way of speaking, body language and facial expressions, pitch and tone of voice and interpersonal skills.It is possible that they have some presuppositions about communication and communication skills which are considered to be one major factor in becoming an effective teacher. According to Dettmer, Thurston, and Dyck (1996), West and Cannon (1988), and Carl Rogers (1962) communication is among the most important skills for educators to possess. The role of commu nication is emphasized also by Lunenburg & Ornstein (1996, p. 176) as: â€Å"Communication is the lifeblood of the school; it is a process that links the individual, the group, and the organization†.A gap in meaning between the intended and the received message can cause problems in the outcome of even the best teaching decision. Poor listening skills, ambiguous use of verbal and nonverbal language, poor semantics, and differing values are all items that can distort a message. To become effective communicators, educators must be aware of these potential problems and consciously work to eliminate them from their classroom interactions. They must also become knowledgeable about the importance of language in the learning process which gives a vital role to language teachers.Body language of the teacher In the communication skill, the body language and the facial expression of the teacher is of much importance which arrests students’ participation. The ‘presence†™ that a teacher has in the classroom is crucial in determining ‘how much’ learning takes place and ‘how well’ learning takes place. A tension free atmosphere is extremely important in language learning classroom. More than what behaviour reveals, it is the non-verbal behaviour that is of significance. Self respect, confident behaviour and tone and eye contact are some positive indicators.Some of the ways in which body language can improve the desired atmosphere within the class are: * Keeping eye contact with the student you are talking to, and with every student in the class; * Standing ‘tall’ and walking in with head held high, instead of shuffling in, head bowed; * Having a calm, relaxed face – smiling and laughing easily; * Using facial expressions that show you are listening and responding to what the student is saying; * Smiling and nodding when a student is saying something; Linguistic competence versus Communicative competence Language is a tool of communication.One can communicate ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions, attitudes, information and even misinformation through language. Different people express the same idea in different words. Language is a tool serving four main functions. These important functions are important for effective communication in the language classroom. The important functions of the language are: * Social function * Informative function * Expressive function * Directive function Keeping in mind these four important functions of language, let’s examine if our students are effective communicators in English.Most of our graduates are good at writing beautiful and very literary answers to questions on Shakespeare, Wordsworth and other great writers. However, their literary competence isn’t enough for them to be able to communicate effectively and efficiently in everyday situations. The ability to communicate requires us to use language to perform interpersonal functi ons such as starting a conversation, joining and leaving a conversation, making the hearer feel comfortable, giving options, and so on. Mere linguistic competence isn’t sufficient.Of course, there’s no denying the value of linguistic mastery, which is the basis for communicative competence. Without words and grammar patterns, one can’t think of building communicative competence. However, rules of use are more essential than rules of grammar. Many graduates don’t know how to introduce themselves and how to introduce others; they don’t know how to ask for information politely, how to disagree tactfully, how to offer suggestions, etc. This is one very significant aspect that we need to pay attention to. Secondly, their English is bookish.They don’t know that choice of syntax and vocabulary depends on the topic, the occasion, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. It’s important to know what to say, when, to whom and h ow. Thirdly, the students need to be told that the vocabulary and syntax of spoken English are different from vocabulary and grammar of written English. They seem to be unaware of the fact that the words and grammar of spoken English are simpler than those of written English. As a result, they don’t use contracted forms and question tags while conversing and their English sounds bookish.Developing the communication skills of the learners In language teaching developing the skill of listening, speaking, reading and writing  skills should be given importance. These language skills are the foundation of communication skills. A good communicator is a keen and interested listener. Even a good listener cannot be an effective speaker. In order to be a good speaker, one has to master the accent, the rhythm and the intonation of the English language. Also one has to mind the tone of voice and make an effective use of facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture.An excellen t communicator uses verbal and non-verbal language to achieve the best effect. In order to develop good communication skills of the students, the language teacher need to * develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills * to be able to use language to perform various functions * master the rhythm, accent and intonation of the language * understand the differences between spoken and written language * remember the difference between meanings and messages Conclusion To remedy this situation we need to connect literature teaching with life outside.In language teaching, the academic world and the real world should not stand apart as islands. From the standpoint of the learner, the great waste in the school comes from the learner’s inability to utilize the experiences he gets outside the school. To fill up this gap, the communication skill should be given importance in language teaching. Developing communication skills of the learners requires the efficiency of langua ge teachers. So, the communication skill should be given primary importance both at the pre-service and in-service level of the language teaching.REFERENCE * Applbaum, L. et. al. , 1973, Fundamental Concepts in Human Communication, Confield Press, London * Brown, H. D. 1981, Principles of Language Learning & Teaching, Prentice Hall, Enlewood Cligts. * Corner, J. et. al. , 1993, Communication Studies:An Introductory Reader, Edward Arnold, London. * Dickinsen L. and Carver D. J. 1980. Steps Towards Self-direction in Foreign Language Learning in Schools. ELT. Vol. 35:1-7. * Dickinsen L. 1987. Self-instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

To what extent was Roosevelt’s New Deal the reason why America was able to overcome the great depression?

Even today, almost 70 years after Roosevelt introduced his New Deal the question of whether or not it was a success is still unanswered. â€Å"This nation asks for action and action now†¦. we must act, and act quickly† 1 Roosevelt came to his position as president at a time of crisis and had promised a ‘New Deal' for the American people which would help America rebuild herself after the great depression. Roosevelt wanted to revive the economy and provide support for those who had been hit the hardest by the depression. He promised to end prohibition, cut unemployment by creating new jobs for people and help the industries; businesses and farms recover from the depression2 The Roaring Twenties From America the 1920's were an era of prosperity. America had wanted isolation from the rest of the world so tariffs had been introduced on all imported goods, which would have encouraged Americans to buy US goods. American would then be able to supply itself and consequently reduce overseas competition. This demand for goods led to a period of mass production. The First World War had provided an opportunity for American companies to make large profits by selling weapons to America's allies whose industrial production was comprised by their war economies. Also during WW1 France and Britain had relied on America to loan them money to fund the manufacture of their weapons to enable them to keep fighting the opposition in the war, these loans were still being paid off well after the war had ended. 3 The Fragility of the Boom However this affluence could not last for ever, America was over producing which meant that the market would soon become saturated. Industries had produced thousands of goods but the demand was no longer there, as those who could afford the goods already owned them so consumption began to decline. The market for goods was also reduced due to the economical divide; America had been split into two halves; on one side the wealthy and on the other poverty stricken farmers and blacks that were working, so socialists would argue, so that the rich could indulge in luxuries. Mass production contributed greatly to the downfall of the country, as it was not equally matched by mass consumption, which is a major factor in what caused the Wall Street crash of 1929. 4 â€Å"Billions of dollars' worth of profits- and paper profits- had disappeared. The grocer, the window cleaner and the seamstress had lost their capital. In every town there were families which had suddenly dropped from showy affluence into debt†5 The end of an era Although some experts had predicted the economical crash, the majority of people believed that the USA was so wealthy and so powerful that the boom would never end. Share prices had soared and people were encouraged to go on buying on credit. Hire purchase was so easily obtainable that few people realised that it was very dangerous to go selling on credit, as eventually people would not be able to make the repayments. Due to overproduction the market was gutted, and companies were going ‘bust'. The market could be ‘played' by anyone, from a baker to a postman; they didn't need any experience. When it was realised that the stocks and shares were not doing as well as previous years, despite warnings from experts that they would improve, there was a massive loss in confidence and a mass panic. People became unsure of their investments and wanted to retrieve their shares. Panic stricken people were selling their stocks for a great deal less than what they were actually worth, prices plummeted and on October 24th 1929prices crashed. Over 13 million shares were sold and a further 500,000 on 29th October. Shares dramatically lost value, ‘Electric bond and Share' shares had fallen from $186 to $50 in just 2 months6; many had lost all that they had invested. 7 â€Å"The stock market was shaken to its foundations yesterday by the severest break in the history of Wall Street. The immediate cause of the debacle, which was entirely unexpected, was the forced liquidation of large brokerage accounts and furious bear attacks that chopped from $5,000,000,000 to $7,000,000 in values from shares. Trading on the floor of the Stock Exchange was virtually paralyzed†¦ For many people, the shock of the Wall Street crash was too much for them to take and some even committed suicide as they believed they had lost everything and would not be able to rebuild their life. The wealth and prosperity that America had gained during the ‘roaring' twenties had not been shared equally between the American citizens, which had caused a lot of inequality, and resentment from the lower classes. As a result of this America plunged into depression, people began to realise that the economic problems would not go away unless they did something about it. Wages fell and soon people did not have enough money to feed and clothe themselves and their family, the American population was no longer self-sufficient. â€Å"I have two boys to go to work. They haven't got any shoes, no clothes. They can't go to look for a job because they haven't any shoes†9 Lower annual incomes had forced wives and older children who had not previously had to work, look for jobs. 10 Banks collapsed because people withdrew all their money from banks and kept it at home. People had lost confidence in the financial system and instead of investing and spending people now began to save. 1 Roosevelt's New Deal After the Wall Street Crash, the American people were looking for someone to pull them out of depression and so when Roosevelt offered them his New Deal they weren't reluctant to oppose him, they saw him as their ‘saviour'12 Roosevelt promised the American public rapid action â€Å"The country needs, and unless I mistake its mood, demands bold experiments. Above all, try something†13 He knew that he had no time to waste and that the only way to relieve America from depression was to act quickly. He guaranteed that his ‘New Deal' would revive the economy and improve the standard of living in America. 14 An important factor we have to consider when discussing the success of the New Deal is that Roosevelt was and still is an extremely popular American figure so much of the evidence that is available for us to study is biased towards him. Due to this we have to make sure we consider the reliability and consistency of the sources we are studying. Roosevelt built up an incredibly respectable and honest image of himself so most of the sources, which are available to us, are biased towards him. One of the sources that I have studied15 described the success of the TVA, however the director of the TVA wrote this source so is obviously going to be biased towards the new deal. Even though it contains facts and figures there is no way of telling if they are true. Roosevelt had the power to censor all kinds of media and also use the radio, television and newspapers as propaganda. However there was some opposition to Roosevelt although there are no sources to support their views; large businesses were not fond of Roosevelt or the New Deal as they saw it as the government interfering in things that were not their concern. Also the wealthier members of society believed that because Roosevelt was a rich man they expected him to help them but instead he raised taxes on the well off and ignored their desires. 16 The start of WW2 would have had a dramatic effect on the economy of America although people tend to forget this and suggest that the recovery of America's financial system was initiated solely by Roosevelt's New Deal. Reforming the financial system Roosevelt decided that his New Deal would consist of different schemes and programs, and laws (known as the alphabet laws), which would bring about economic recovery. Before Roosevelt could pass any new laws the banking emergency needed to be sorted out. On March 6th 1933 the Emergency Banking Act and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was enforced and all banks were shut down. This gave the government the opportunity to inspect the health of all banks and almost two thirds were re-opened soon after, as they were declared acceptable. The FDIC was formed by the congress to insure deposits up to $5000 and people began to put their money back into the banks and confidence gradually returned. Faith had been re-established in American banks and people were no longer scared that they would lose all of their savings in a bank failure. After the Wall Street Crash all confidence in the banks had been lost but by introducing the FDIC and the Emergency banking Act Roosevelt was able to restore this trust. â€Å"Confidence and courage are the essentials in our plan. You must have faith; you must not be stampeded by rumours. We have provided the machinery to restore our financial system; it is up to you to support and make it work. Together we cannot fail†17. The Federal Securities Act of May 1933 and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) were set up to regulate the stock market and required full disclosure of information on stocks being sold. The Congress also gave the Federal Reserve board the power to regulate the purchase of stock. Modernization of American Agriculture The Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA) was introduced to try and raise farm prices and used proceeds from a new tax to pay farmers not to raise specific crops and animals, lower production would in turn increase prices. In May 1933 the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established to help farmers and to create jobs in one of America's least modernized areas. A hydroelectric power plant was reactivated and provided cheap electric power, flood control and recreational opportunities to the entire Tennessee River Valley. 18 The TVA involved ordinary people in the planning so that they would be taking part in making decisions, which affected their own future. â€Å"In ten years the dams TVA has built have made this region the second largest producer of power in the United States. In 1944 the system will produce nearly half as much electricity as the utilities of the entire country produced in 1914. â€Å"19 Between 1935 and 1943 the Works Progress Administration (WPA) was set up and provided work for 8 million Americans, it decreased the rate of unemployment and the workers constructed or repaired schools, hospitals and airfields. 20 The Farm Security Administration (FSA) loaned more than $1 billion to farmers and set up camps for migrant workers. The FSA aimed to assist sharecroppers, tenant farmers and migrant labourers. One success of the FSA was that it brought the problem of poverty to national attention. Supporting the people of America The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was led by Harry Hopkins who believed that men should be put to work and not be given charity. This agency sent funds to depleting local relief agencies and also funded public work programs, within two hours $5million were given out and deteriorating relief programs were revitalized. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) gave the unemployed jobs building or repairing roads, parks, airports and other public places. This not only provided a physical boost to its 4million workers but also a psychological one. 21 Roosevelt had succeeded in creating more jobs, which helped reduce the number of unemployed, to 7. 7 million by 1937 from 12. 83 million just 4 years before. 22 The CWA and FERA also helped repair many public places, which was a beneficial, step in rebuilding America. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of June 1933 was formed to boost declining prices and to help businesses and workers. NIRA allowed trade associations in many industries to write codes regulating wages, working conditions, production and prices. If all employers in each competitive group agree-to pay their workers the same wages-reasonable wages-and require the same hours-reasonable hours-then higher wages and shorter hours will hurt no employer. Moreover, such action is better for the employer than unemployment and low wages, because it makes more buyers for his product. That is the simple idea which is the very heart of NIRA†23 The Public Works Association (PWA) was a part of the NIRA and often regarded as one of the best parts launched projects such as the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River and gave the unemployed jobs helping enforce these new programs. Roosevelt placed a lot of efforts into reducing the rate of unemployment, which is why so many of his proposals were focused around creating new jobs. The Civilian conservation Corps (CCC) was an environmental program, which positioned 2. 5million unmarried men in work, maintaining and restoring forests, beaches and parks. The workers only received $1 a day but they also got free board and job training. During 1934 and 1937 the CCC funded similar programs for over 8,500 women. These programs taught men and women to live independently and significantly increased their self-esteem. We have here one of the best [CCC] camps that could possibly be established. The country and the hills here make you think there is no such thing as a city†¦. It sure beats ‘Brother can you spare me a dime'. â€Å"24 The great depression had left many people homeless, which was why the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) was set up. It helped people keep their houses by refinancing the mortgages of middle- income homeowners and also tried to help those without a home find suitable accommodation. During the depression many people families had been forced out of their homes because they could no longer afford to keep their houses, the HOLC can be considered as a success as the number of homeless people did decrease and the problem had been largely overcome. In 1935 the National Labour Relations Act (Wagner Act) was launched to legalise practices allowed only unevenly in the past, such as closed shops in which only union members could work. It authorized workers to form trade unions and the act also set up the National Labour Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce its provisions. The Fair Labour Standards act of 1938 was a long awaited triumph for the socialists who wanted to reform American society. The act enforces a set minimum wage and a maximum number of hours that people are allowed to work and also banned child labour. The depression had caused a lack of confidence among the people and the Social Security Act of 1935 helped millions of Americans feel more secure. It established a system that provided pensions for workers, benefits for survivors of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance and aid for mothers, children, the blind and the physically disabled. The Black community had always been severely discriminated against so Roosevelt displayed genuine sympathy for Black aspiration so to gain support from the minority groups. The National association for the advancement of coloured people (NAACP) brought an impressive number of churches, academics, labour unions and other liberal groups into the anti lynching mob. 26 In 1934 the Indian Reorganization Act was passed which ended the sale of tribal lands. This act restored ownership of unallocated lands to Native American Groups, which caused a very positive outcome for Native Americans. Benefits of the New Deal Roosevelt's New deal was considered a great success by the people of America, he had managed to convince them that it would be able to overcome the great depression and his confidence reflected upon them and everyone had great faith in his New Deal. â€Å"Nothing can stop the President's program, nothing will even hamper the presidents program†¦ the power of this people, once aroused and united in a fixed purpose, is the most irresistible force in the world†27 On the surface it appeared that the New Deal had been a victory. It gained such dedicated support from the American public that their confidence had been fully restored. A noticeable achievement of the New Deal was the Fair Labour Standards Act, which had established a minimum wage and a maximum hours policy. President Roosevelt had carefully planned his New Deal in such a way that the problems of the depression would be overcome as soon as possible and restore America's financial status. All of the schemes in Roosevelt's New Deal were aimed to bring relief to as many people as it could and to bring the support quickly. One of the main reason's why the New Deal did achieve some significant changes was that the American public was convinced that it would work and trusted Roosevelt and believed he would be able to rebuild the economy. When the Banks reopened after the Emergency banking act, many people began to reinvest their money in the reopened banks, which showed that they had confidence that there would not be another economical collapse. Opposition to the New Deal However, the New Deal was not entirely a success; it faced a lot of opposition primarily from the rich and the republicans. The republicans opposed the increase in presidential power and believed it was leading to dictatorship and critised Roosevelt for high government spending. The Supreme Court was constantly suggesting that the laws which were included in the New Deal were unconstitutional. Full employment and dramatic reductions in poverty were not achieved until 1942-43, when 13,000,000 men and women were serving in the armed forces and the United States were supplying huge amounts of war materials and food to America's allies, which meant that America's economic power was being restored. 28 The New Deal failed to promote real economic recovery and it had taken massive government borrowing, investment and spending to end the depression. Despite Roosevelt's numerous attempts to restore America's economy with the NRA and the AAA the New Deal never completely succeeded in overcoming the economical problems caused by the depression. The National Industrial Recovery Act stopped the tailspin of prices for a short while although as wages rose so did prices and consumers began to buy fewer goods. The Continuous cycle of overproduction and under consumption put business back into a slump. Some businesses felt that the codes enforced by the NIRA were too complicated and difficult to understand and believed the act was too rigid. The Agriculture Adjustment Administration was quite a controversial program as farmers were told to kill off certain animals and destroy crops; many people could not believe that the government was condoning such horrific action when there were American people who were starving. Although the Tennessee Valley Authority had been successful in creating new jobs for hundreds of people the results were not as dramatic as the government had claimed. Only 3 out of every 100 farms had electricity and the levels of Malaria and vitamin deficiency had increased and at a dangerous level. The average wage of a farmer was 40% of the national wage and many farmers were in a great amount of debt. The TVA had been very much involved with the richer farmers who didn't really did its help and had ignored the needs of the poorer, less fortunate farmers, â€Å"The land-grant colleges were closely tied to the interests of the richer farmers. They had little or nothing to do with the poor, mainly black tenant farmers. The services offered by the TVA-advice on new farming developments, fertilisers and marketing- were monopolised by the richer, white farmers. â€Å"29 Most of the programs and schemes which were put forward by Roosevelt had limited funds and only made slight differences to the state of America. The New Deal did not extend to all deprived Americans and excluded the minority groups. There was never a Civil Rights program, which caused massive Black demonstrations and pressurized the government to establish fair employment practises although it refused to end discrimination in the armed forces. The New Deal was an extremely difficult period of time for black families, by 1933 half of black workers were without a job and those who did have jobs were discriminated against as the National Recovery Administration had made it legal to pay white people more than the blacks. 30 Republican opponents of Roosevelt criticised the Social Security Act, as they believed that it was destroying the traditional culture of America. Many thought that the government did not have the right to intervene with people's lives by making them pay taxes for Social Security. However contradicting to this some liberals felt that the payments should have been bigger to provide more social security to the American people. The New Deal had given assistance to those on the border of poverty like the blue collar workers and commercial farmers but had offered much less to those who were in permanent poverty. The New Deal did not succeed in lifting the nation entirely out of depression and in 1939 there were still 10 million people unemployed. 31 â€Å"Although much of the advances that were made came as a result of government spending†¦ he nation had barely reached the 1929 level of production a decade later, and there were still nearly ten million men and women unemployed. â€Å"32 Was the New Deal a success? The New Deal undoubtedly brought changes to the economy of America although there were most probably other factors, which contributed to the restoration of the American financial system. The economy of America had always previously, and still today been very unsteady, the national income is forever changing and sometimes falls and often rises. There is no proof, and we will never know whether the wealth of America would have restored itself without the help of Roosevelt's New Deal. Also the start of the Second World War would have brought a remarkable change to the nation's revenue. The country would have concentrated on producing military goods for their allies, which would have provided more jobs and in turn would have slowly revived America's financial system. â€Å"During Franklin Roosevelt's first term, the New Deal did not cure the underlying economic problems. It was the war that did that. Within a matter of months, six million workers found new jobs†33 By 1943 unemployment had been reduced to just 1. 07 million from almost 13 million at the height of the depression. 34 Without the New Deal, however, the country would still have been in a state of recession, and might have been unable to help with the war effort at all. Generally, Roosevelt's New deal had been a success; it had brought to America a great change, which contributed greatly to the restoration of the country. Child labour was prohibited and a national wage and maximum hours legislation was established. By the time that the New Deal had ended organised labour had more imperative and influential position in American society than it had ever had before. The New Deal had to a great extent reduced the reputation and power of big businesses and put a significant number of measures to stabilise America's economy. It had re-established the public's assurance in society introduced new laws and schemes to help prevent a new depression. In conclusion, the extent of which Roosevelt's New Deal was a success will forever remain unknown. President Roosevelt was a great inspiration to the American people in the 1930's and still today is remembered as one of America's greatest and most influential presidents. Although many may critise the New Deal and the way that Roosevelt dealt with the problems of the depression, there is no way of telling whether or not America would be the super power it is in the present day if Roosevelt hadn't have proposed his schemes and policies which were contained in his New Deal.