Malaysia culture free essay sample

In Malaysia, cultures have been mixing up when Malaysia was colonized by Portuguese, Dutch, British, Siamese, and Japanese. The colonization of these countries did bring many disadvantages to my country which is Malaysia, but it did bring many benefits to Malaysia also. The main benefit is the colonization caused various group of people in Malaysia with different social and culture backgrounds, unite together into one physical entity. Malaysia consists of many types of ethnic groups, such as Malay, Chinese, Indian, indigenous people, the aborigines and minority of Portuguese descent. Each ethnic group has its very own culture. Culture can be defined as all the ways of life including beliefs, arts, and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation. It includes language, religion, custom and etiquette, Malaysian dressing, festival celebration, dance, arts and crafts, food, and lifestyle. I have chosen to write about things that are special in my country which it cannot be found in other country. We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper is about tourist attractions in Malaysia and food in Malaysia. Besides, I will write my essay according to the information that I learn from my text book as it is a part that is necessary for this paper. Moreover, I will take in my practical approach and also my own personal opinion by using SWOT analysis to reinforce and support my statement in this paper.

buy custom Congestive Heart Failure essay

buy custom Congestive Heart Failure essay Congestive heart failure (CHF) has become a serious health issue throughout the world. By 1999, five to seven million people in North America were living with this disease. In addition, there were twenty million others in the rest of the world (Jobin, Maltais, LeBlanc, 2000). According to statistics from different studies, the hospitalization cost for heart failure patients, is more than double of all forms of cancers. Congestive heart failure (CHF) refers to the hearts inability to meet oxygen requirements of the body tissue when operating normally or at elevated filling pressure (Wolfsthal, 2007). Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome arising from the combination of many diseases that affect the working of the heart. CHF can result either due to systolic dysfunction or diastolic dysfunction. Normally, the heart works by contraction and relaxation thereby pumping the blood throughout the body. Systolic dysfunction results from problems with contraction of the heart. Diastolic dysfunction results from problems in relaxation (Wolfsthal, 2007). In CHF, circulatory congestion can result, either as systemic venous circulation resulting to peripheral edema or can result to pulmonary circulation congestion leading to pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema is a life threatening condition (Tuttle-Yoder Fraser-Nobbe, 1995). It should, however, be noted that, acute CHF in most cases results from myocardial infarction. The signs and symptoms of the congestive heart failure (CHF) differ depending on the side of the heart affected. When the congestion is on the left side, pulmonary circulation congestion occurs which in turn leads to dyspnea (shortage of breath). On the other hand, if it occurs on the right hand side, systemic venous circulation results. Systemic venous circulation manifests itself by distended neck veins, hepatomegaly and edema (Tuttle-Yoder Fraser-Nobbe, 1995). In systolic dysfunction, the contraction of the heart in terms of degree of contractility reduces. In the contractility, the heart is unable to withstand the afterload (force against contraction) and preload (the sarcomere stretch before contraction). Decreased contractility can be caused by myocardial infarction (MI), valvular heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathies (Wolfsthal, 2007). In myocardial infarction, a part of the myocardium undergoes necrosis and, therefore, cannot generate the force required to pump t he blood effectively. MI normally results to weakening of the ventricle. If large areas are affected, myocardium results to CHF. Valvular heart disease results due to stenosis (regurgitation of the cardiac valves) thereby placing a lot of load on the heart. In most cases, cardiomyopathies results due to the injury on the myocardium. This injury can be due to toxic chemicals or the diseases. Increased afterload makes it harder for the heart muscles to shorten, thus resulting to reduced cardiac output (Wolfsthal, 2007). In diastolic dysfunction, alteration of active and passive factors that affect the diastole results. Active relaxation result due to pumping out of calcium from the myocardium. Active relaxation occurs before the passive filling of ventricles with the blood previously stored in the atria. Diastolic dysfunction can result due to abnormalities in the active relaxation, abnormality in the passive filling also due to the neurohumoral hypothesis of heart failure. In abnormalities, in the active relaxation, this dysfunction can result due to impairment of the calcium reuptake at the beginning of the diastole. The abnormalities in the passive filling can be due to the myocardium being stiffer than normal. The stiffness can be caused but the increase in the thickness of the chamber walls than normal. Lastly in the neurohumoral hypothesis, the heart failure leads to the activation of related neurohumoral systems and hormones. When persistently over activated, they turn into cardio toxic agent s. They, therefore, lead to the decline in the cardiac function. According to this hypothesis, the blockage of these systems should be beneficial to the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). Some of the physical signs are tachycardia, pulmonary rales, cardiac enlargement, fourth (S4) and third (S3) heart sounds. Other physical factors include the neck vein distention, hepatic enlargement, edema and ascites. In tachycardia, elevated heart rate results due to increased releae of the catecholamine. They occur as a compensating mechanism, in the attempt, to maintain the normal cardiac output even in the decreased stroke volume. In pulmonary rales, increased hydrostatic pressure results to the transudation of the fluid into alveoli. Then as the air circulates, cracking sounds results when taking the heart sounds. Not all of these cracking sounds are symptoms of CHF and, therefore, care should be taken. The fourth heart sounds (S4) results from patients in sinus rhythm and heart failure due to the noncompliance of the left ventricle. Therefore, they are also excellent indicators of the CHF. This S4 probably arises due to the reverberation of the blood during ejection of blood into the left ventricle. Aging can also lead to the production of S4. Therefore, more tests should be done to ascertain the presence of CHF. Third heart sounds also known as ventricular gallop occurs mainly in early diastole and is the most reliable sign of the left heart failure. It also occurs due to the rapid filling of the left ventricle. Although it is a reliable sign of heart failure, S3 is common in individuals older than forty years and young athletes. Increased systemic venous pressure results to transudation of fluids into peritoneal space. This consequently leads to elevated neck veins and ascites which can indicate the presence of CHF. Other signs of left-side heart failure include cough, fatigue, crackles, weakness and fatigue (Singh, 2011). The clinical symptoms and features that assist the physical ones in the identification of the CHF are paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea. In addition, Nocturia and edema can also be used. In dyspnea, the individual experiences the feeling of breathlessness and reduced cardiac output to the periphery (Wolfsthal, 2007). Orthopnea refers to dyspnea that occurs due to lying in a recumbent position. It can be relieved by the raising of the head. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea refers to dyspnea that awakens the patient from the sleep. It may also occur due to lying in the recumbent position thereby resulting to the pooling of blood in the vasculature and increase, in left ventricular filling pressure, (Wolfsthal, 2007). For paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, the symptoms disappear after the patient has been standing for five to twenty (5-20) minutes. Nocturia, on the other hand, results due to increased renal blood flow when the patient is in the recumbent position or asleep. Lastly, edem a and particularly cardiac edema occur when systemic hydrostatic venous pressure is higher than systemic oncotic venous pressure. The laboratory assessment of congestive heart failure in patients, involve the use of chemicals, waves and measuring of the blood pressures in many parts of the body. In the determination of the extent of myocardial infarction (MI), an electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used. When using the electrocardiogram the presence of Q waves helps in the confirmation that the MI has been the cause of the CHF (Wolfsthal, 2007). A chest radiograph can also be used. Chest radiograph can monitor cardiac chamber enlargement and congestion. An echocardiogram can also be used to identify the chamber enlargement as well as quantifying the ventricular and valve function (Wolfsthal, 2007). Use of radionuclide ventriculography can be used in measuring range of the right and left ventricular ejection fractions. In addition, the use of Doppler interrogation techniques can be applied in determining the direction and rate of blood flow. Doppler interrogation can detect quantify valvular stenosis. Any variation f rom the individuals normal may indicate the possibility of valvular regurgitation and intra-cardiac shunts. Lastly during the cardiac catheterization, many cardiac characteristics can be evaluated. These include the chamber size, valvular stenosis, intra-cardiac pressures and other coronary anatomy. The extent of stretching in the heart muscle cells can also be monitored by the use of the Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP). This is a polypeptide secreted by the muscles of the heart ventricles in response to overstretching. Increased filling pressures in the heart leads to dyspnea, production of the atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and Brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) (Siegenthaler, 2007). By monitoring the levels of ANP and BNP, we can rule on the possibility of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome and renal failure. High levels of BNP (BNP 400pg/mL) are strongly suggestive of cardiac dyspnea. Normal levels (BNP 100pg/mL) highly excludes any cardiac cause. In addition, high levels of BNP may suggest general volume overload or liver failure that may occur in response to hepatic cirrhosis. The level of the BNP also correlates to the severity of the heart failure, if detected (Siegenthaler, 2007). The best diagnosis tool for the CHF is the echocardiography. It can be used in the determination of congenital defects or cardiomyopathy presence. Echocardiography can also be used in the assessment of heart size, cardiac function, hypertrophy and dilation (Potts Mandleco, 2011). All therapies aim at reducing of the volume overload, improvement of the contractility, reducing afterload and in the decreasing of cardiac work. These therapies are in the form of drug therapy and nursing care (Potts Mandleco, 2011). The patients of CHF are in most cases edematous and compromised respiratory functions arising from the fluid overload. They, therefore, need fluid restriction drugs for the lungs. Therefore to lower the amount of the fluid that has accumulated, diuretics can be administered. In addition to decrease the hearts overload, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can be used (Singh, 2011). ACE inhibitors can restore the cardiac and hormonal response to volume overloads, and thus, reduce natriuretic in mild heart failure (Jobin, Maltais, LeBlanc, 2000). Administration of morphine reduces pain also lowers the peripheral resistance. In severe cases, oxygen (O2) should also be given, in order to reduce anxiety and facilitate breathing. In cases where th ere are chest pains, nitroglycerin (nitro) can be used. Nitroglycerine also acts as a vasodilator (Singh, 2011). Normally these patients require rest to conserve energy. Other therapies include administration of Angiotensin II Receptor blockers to reduce the effects of angiotensin II. To patients who are intolerant to ACE inhibitors the Angiotensin II Receptor blockers can be administered. Other medical related therapies are diuretics (for improvement of congestive symptoms), digitalis (to increase the ejection fraction of the left ventricle) as well as administration of -Blockers. The -Blockers can be administered for inhibition of sympathetic nervous system thereby limiting progression of heart failure (Jobin, Maltais, LeBlanc, 2000). In infants whose the heart failure is secondary to congenital defects then, the primary treatment is the surgical correction (Potts Mandleco, 2011). Although no long-term randomized study on the effects of ACE inhibitors exists, the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor blockers can be related to angiotensin suppression and potentiation. Angiotensin refers to hypotension, potassium retention and worsening renal function. On the other hand, potentiation refers to coughing and angioedema (Jobin, Maltais, LeBlanc, 2000). The use of beta blocker medication has led to the increased cases impotence among the older men (Wallace, 2007). These drug-disease interactions encourage the discontinuation of the medication, and the search of the alternatives that do not impact on related disease processes. When diagnosed with CHF, Patients need to be prepared psychologically on how to live positively with the illness. Another part of the patient that should be considered is the family relations. These members should also be prepared psychologically on how to assist their patients at home psychologically and physically. Regardless of age, patient teaching is a vital component in disease management (Wallace, 2007). Unhealthy behaviors like drinking, smoking, or poor nutrition should be broken as they deteriorate the disease. The patients of CHF should eat less salt and limit fluid intake. Patients diagnosed with CHF should monitor their weight regularly. This should be done every morning at the same time. During measuring of the weight, same clothes and scale should be used. The patient should call the doctor if he notices sudden change in weight, increased swelling of the legs or ankles as well as having trouble in breathing when resting or sleeping at night. While dealing with the olde r adult population, ultimate care should be given to the management of pathological diseases of aging. Lastly, exercises and better night sleep should be encouraged for continued improved health (Wallace, 2007). Buy custom Congestive Heart Failure essay

Are Social Networking Sites Harmful or Safe Research Paper

Are Social Networking Sites Harmful or Safe - Research Paper Example 2. Social Networking Sites Safe or Not? McDowell and Morda included alarming statistics that highlight the level of integration of social networking sites; there are around 500 million users on Facebook and more than 100 million users on MySpace around the globe (1). The accumulation of such an extravagant population of the world on centralized platforms has brought about numerous issues related to privacy and security of the social networking users. The presence of such an extensive population of the world includes all types of users, such as criminals, hackers etc. Earlier, internet users were sensitive about the safeguarding of their information and details about their lives, however, the advent of social networking sites has brought about a sudden trend resulting in influx of personal information and news about one’s daily lives on the respective platforms. Users generally follow the on-going trend and post details about their routines and lives on such sites while being u nconscious of the possible consequences of such conduct. Livingstone and David stated teenagers tend to reveal their personal information more than others since 49% of the teenagers in US disclose their school names and 29% provide their email addresses (6). McDowell and Morda stated that even information about upcoming trips, children’s school information and names can give the malicious intent users information that might prove to harm the users and bring about dangerous instances for them, for example, robbery, kidnapping etc (3). Some may argue that social networking sites can prove to be safer and dangerous instances can be avoided if personal details of such nature are not shared on the platform. However, McDowell and Morda stated that the privacy of an individual is even threatened when others post information regarding others, intentionally or unintentionally, and also that such posting is beyond the control of any individual (3). Livingstone and Brake included figure s regarding the degree of inclusion of youngsters on social networking sites and revealed that almost half of the youngsters in UK between the ages of 8 and 17 possess a social networking profile (2). Similar figures have been recorded for USA as well. The presence of such fragile and young minds on social networking sites is not safe since the content on these platforms may be inappropriate for the young viewers. Livingstone and Brake also revealed that 57% of youngsters had been exposed to pornography and 31% of them had seen violent content on social networking sites (5). Alongside the exposure to inappropriate content, social networking sites have given newer platforms for bullying their peers. Livingstone and Brake included results from a survey that included 12-17 year old participants in the survey. The survey revealed that children were being bullied almost as much online as their real lives since 72% children were being bullied online and 85% were being bullied in school (6 ). It is argued that cyber bulling on social networking sites is not as bad as it has been portrayed since it is only a verbal attack on the victim, rather than a physical one (â€Å"

Leadership and management Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership and management - Thesis Proposal Example The cultural norms, orientations and values of the country are expected to influence the manner in which flexible team leaders need to engage with team members. The outsourcing trend has resulted in a growth of virtual teams, particularly in the software development industry with India emerging as a popular destination for virtually outsourced work. The distinct differences such as geographical distance, time zones, religious beliefs, customs, work ethic, communication styles, etc. between Indian team members and western team leaders necessitate considerable flexibility on the part of team leaders. This research project will explore aspects that virtual team leaders should manage flexibly. Hambley, O’Neill & Kline (2007) have discussed the influence of communication styles on the quality of interaction in virtual teams. They have found that videoconferencing does not result in a significant decline in team interaction over face-to-face communication, implying that transactional or transformational leadership styles are not influenced considerably by the virtual team environment. On the other hand, research by Ruggieri (2009) has shown that transformational leadership is more effective than transactional leadership in a virtual team environment. According to the Society for Human Resource Management (2010), leaders need to develop a more flexible approach to communication in a virtual team environment, including communicating at different times throughout the day and using culturally appropriate feedback mechanisms. Maintaining corporate identity is another leadership challenge in virtual teams. Lee (2014) explains that leadership needs to adopt an appropriate multicultural approach towards communication with team members dispersed in various countries of the world. Fan et al. (2014) have elaborated on the impact of instructions sent by virtual

Financial Performance and risk management analysis of Domino printing Essay

Financial Performance and risk management analysis of Domino printing plc 01302 - Essay Example With 2200 employees, Domino printing plc is operating its business operations in more than 120 countries worldwide (Domino, b). The share of global sales of the company in different regions is illustrated below: In this report, the competition circumstances and international business operation will be discussed with the help of analyzing the Domino printing plc financial performance. Furthermore, the risks management related to exchange rate risk and country and political risk will be evaluated. At this time, Domino printing plc has expanded its business worldwide in which the primary segmentation is being done geographically which include three prime regions such as Europe, America, and Asia with the rest of the world. The sales revenue from these prime regions is presented below: In the region of Europe, Domino printing plc do direct sales in the several countries, rest of the distribution is done by the distributors. Europe was a good market for the company in the year 2014. Company managed to generate 12% higher sales in 2014 as compared to 2013 as a result of growth in Germany (Domino, 2014b). However, in the region of America the growth was not satisfactory especially in Central and South America due to the 7% decline in local currency and the weak and unstable economic performance in Brazil and Argentina (Domino, 2014b). Asia and the other remaining regions has becomes the growing areas for Domino printing plc. In this region the demand of marking and coding has been increases in 2013 because of the increased number in the middle class. China and India were the strong market for the company in 2014 because the sale was high in these countries (Domino, 2014b). In the year 2014, company’s i-Tech product were launched including A520i continuous ink jet printer and V230i thermal transfer over printer which received a positive response from the customers, moreover, company also remains the member of FTSE4Good index (Domino, 2014b). However the

Analysis of Kri Kri Milk Company

Analysis of Kri Kri Milk Company KRI KRI S.A. company was created in 1950 from George Tsinavo and is activated in the milk industry. The company initially dealt with ice cream that was first sold by hawkers using ice and salt for cooling and sold in every neighborhood in the city of Serres, Greece. In 1963 when the first electric freezers where introduced KRI KRI expanded and developed a market opportunity. Few years later, in 1968, the company developed further and transferred the companys facilities to new privately owned premises. The company established there its first automatic production line for milk and other products based on milk such as yogurt and ice cream. That was the first sign of the beginning of a new era of the companys lifecycle. In 1997, the company expanded by participating in a three year investment programme arising about six million Euros and modernized throughout the equipment and the factory facilities. The investing programme increase and improved the production and set the foundation stone for future development. Nowadays, KRI KRI has a well expanded network all over Greece and aims to strengthen its activities and development prospects in Greece as well as Balkan. KRI KRIs factory located 5km from the center of Serres and occupies about 50 square meters plot. The premises are composed by two different factories, one for ice cream and one for producing dairy products such as milk, which encloses modern mechanical equipment with new ecological technology. The company has been certified according to ISO 9001:200 for its producing processes on all product range. Furthermore, the company has established and applied the HACCP system according to Hellenic Organization for Standardisation under the supervision of the Minister of Development in Greece for all of the products in order to thoroughly safeguard consumers health and safety. For this purpose KRI KRI has established a quality control laboratory equipped with technological tool and staffed with scientific personnel properly trained. The Industry The milk industry consisted in its major component by large industrial companies which have the largest market share. These companies have developed a distinguished brand names and trade marks, new technological equipment and facilities. The industry does not offer many entrance opportunities to new companies and has high barriers to entry. The Demand The demand of the milk products is basic in peoples diet and irreplaceable. The milk products is one of the principal source of food and the demand does not affected much from price variations so the demand can be characterised by low volatility in price. Furthermore, the income in consumers wallet does not affect the quantity that is needed to cover the consumers basket and is unrelated with the desired quantity, so the demand can be characterised by low volatility in quantity. In addition, the substitutes product of milk has low substitutability to affect the milk industry. The milk industry had established an oligopoly and the milk prices are determined by large companies with low intervention by the Greek government. In the last decade, the only threat that the milk industry has encounter was the unexpected deceases that affect the animals and the raw material, which shocked the consumers confidence for milk products and have as a result the decrease in the consuming. The Supply The main distribution channel of the milk products are the supermarkets and the mini markets. Large companies have established a well synchronised and efficiency distribution channels throughout Greece while the few small companies in the industry have a locally limited target group to provide their products. Both categories of companies even if their activities are locally limited or national ensured that such a susceptible product as milk delivered in very good conditions and on time. Financial Indicators of the Market Financial indicators of the companies in milk industry should be taken into consideration in order to analyse and comprehend the financial position of the industry. On the 15 largest companies of the milk industry the average gross margin of the last 5 years was 26,12%, the net profit margin was 2,99% and the EBITDA index was 12,16%. The return on equity index was 6,26% and the return on capital employed was 2,50%. The general liquidity index was 1,71 while the cash flows ratio was 0,35. The average operation capital of the 15 largest companies the last 5 years was 4.543.754 euros. Competitive analysis: Porters five-forces model Porters five forces In order for a new company to enter, remain and expand a market it would be useful to analyse the industry and especially concentrate on the five basic points that are proposed by the Porter and show the attractiveness of the industry under consideration. Entrance of new competitors According to industry analysis, the milk industry seems to offer more opportunities to the already existed companies while it is quite difficult for a new company to enter the industry. The industry analysis indicates that there are high barriers to the market. Specifically, this sector does not offer many entrance opportunities to new companies due to the fact that it requires great investing amount to technology while the existent products are trade in from large well-developed companies that are high competitive. Moreover, the susceptible products of milk demands high coordination treatment throughout the life-cycle of production from the raw material to the final distribution. Additionally, the existing distribution channels that have been established from the companies are the results of investment through a long time period. So, a new company that intent to enter the milk market has to face the already well-established names in order to achieve high market share. Substitute products Another factor that should be analysed is the degree of products substitutability. The milk products are essentials in peoples diet and irreplaceable. In this industry there are few substitutes such as the soya milk, powdered milk, juices or other beverages but the substitutability is very low to affect the milk industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers of raw materials is complex but it is considered as low. The majority of milk companies sign contracts between farmers in order to absorb their milk while the companies control the production process through established production requirements in farming lifecycle such as the raw material required to feeding procedure, the existence conditions of living and the reproduction of the animals. So, the bargaining power of suppliers is limited in the milk industry and the large companies that purchase large quantities of raw material has a competitive advantage in terms of trading commodity prices and offset suppliers.. The bargaining power of the suppliers is unconcernedly and does not affect the milk industry, so can be characterised as low. Bargaining power of Customers The main customers of the milk industry are the super markets and the mini retail markets which both have high bargaining power. Both markets have a strong bargaining power especially the super markets through the large turnout that the premises offer, the mass final consumer that covers their needs has as a result to made large volume of sales through them. Mini markets have quite big supplier power due to the fact that are larger in number, almost in every neighborhood, they serve the final consumers in a more extensive market hours and the milk products are their primary trading consumer attraction. Furthermore, in order to attract more final customers through super markets and mini markets, companies have to be competitive and attractive. So, the main objective is to advertise their products in order to gain customers acceptance. This can be confirmed from the large amounts of investment in advertising and promotion campaigns that the majority of the milk companies spend. The competition The last but not least factor according to Porter that affects the entrance in the milk industry is the competition. The Greek milk market is highly controlled by few large milk production companies. This has as a result the creation of an oligopoly among the companies while they try to retain or expand their share in the market by enhancing their brands through advertising, various discounts offers and by exploiting the benefits from exclusive distribution in mini retail markets. The created oligopoly is the main characteristic of milk industry and this point out that the competition is considered as low. SWOT Analysis KRI-KRI S.A. S STRENGTHS Very strong financial position Strong contracts with suppliers and associates Technological industrial and manufacturing facilities Organized distribution network channels Products with Popular Trademarks and strong preference of Greeks for domestic products Tight quality control, awards and certifications, brand name, recognizable firm (ISO, HACCP certifications) W WEAKNESSES No use of options to outweigh the potential risk of interest rates Insufficient money spent for marketing and advertisement. O- OPPORTUNITIES Balkan countries growth Living standards growth The gradual acceptance of biologic products by consumers. T- THREATS Unexpected deceases that affect the animals and have as a result the decrease in the consuming Greek crisis Competition from imports SO STRATEGY Expansion of the distribution network to Romania, where there are greater growth opportunities (S4+O1). WO STRATEGY Increase advertisement to attract more customers in refined products through the growth of living standards (W2+O2, 3). ST STRATEGY Restructure of the company to become total quality producer through tight control and cooperation with certificated farms (S6 + T1). WT STRATEGY Advertisement to commend on the origin and quality of its products instead of the imported ones (W2+T3).Combined Strategies Proposed scenarios Four scenarios were established from the above swot analysis matrix and the situation of the milk industry has been considered. SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2 SCENARIO 3 SCENARIO 4 CURRENT GROWTH ADVERTISEMENT EXPANSION FINANCIAL CRISIS SALES GROWTH RATE 1,33% 3,00% 7,00% -2,00% FIXED ASSETS (AT COST) GROWTH RATE 13,79% 4,50% 7,00% -2,00% TOTAL DEPRECIATION/FIXED ASSETS AT COST 5,79% 5,79% 5,79% 5,79% COST OF GOODS SOLD/SALES 54,27% 55,00% 40,00% 63,00% ADMINISTRATIVE SELLIG EXPENSES/SALES 28,82% 30,00% 15,00% 18,00% Table 1: Proposed scenarios First scenario. Basic Case: Current growth rates In this scenario would be examined how the companys equity value would be affected if will continued its activities with same sales growth as the average of past 5 years, the fixed assets growth rate, cost of goods sold/sales and administrative and selling expenses. Second scenario. Increase of advertisement Advertisement and promotion campaign in milk industry plays a significant role that determines the sales ratio growth. In this scenario we suppose that the company emphasises to increase its advertisement expenses that would lead to increase the sales growth up to 3%. We assume that the administrating and selling expenses rise up to 32% while the cost of goods sold per sales remain in 55%. Also, we decrease the fixed assets at cost growth rate at 4,50% in order to balance the past years expansion of fixed assets growth rate. Third scenario. Expansion to Balkan Balkan countries have been demonstrated high gross domestic product rate such as Bulgaria with 6,2% in contrast with Greece that the International Monetary Fund forecasted that would slightly increase from negative ratio to 0,80% gross domestic product. Considering the development in the past and forthcoming years in Balkan the third scenario supposes that the company expands in Balkan markets. Moreover, KRI KRI S.A. has already made the first expansion step in Balkan and has already begun to organise distribution network among Balkan region. Finally, KRI KRI S.A. has access to Balkan because its facilities located no more than 100 kilometres from Balkan borders such as with Bulgaria, Serbia and Yugoslavia. This scenario is realistic and feasible considering that the short distance from Balkan countries satisfied the demanded requirements in order to ensure the initial quality of the products. So we suppose that the sales growth rate would be increase up to 7% and similarly the fixed assets at cost growth rate would be up to 7%. Due to the mass production and the optimum production capacity we suppose that the cost of goods per sales and the administrating/selling expenses per sales would be decreased down to 40% and 20% respectively. Fourth scenario. Financial Crisis In the last scenario we consider the current financial crisis in Greece that already had occurred. The milk industry does not affected so much from the income of the consumers but in the current condition we supposed that the sales growth rate would be decreased down to -2%. The fixed assets growth would be decreased as well as the financial crisis would affect negatively the investing expansion to new fixed assets or even worse may forced a necessary liquidation of fixed assets. So, we suppose that the fixed assets at cost growth would be down to -2%. Finally, the decreasing in sales growth and the low volume of production would have as a result an increasing to cost of goods sold and administrative/selling expenses per sales ration up to 62% and 40% respectively.

Job Description Analysis Essay -- Human Resource Resources

Job Description Analysis Introduction With the changing responsibilities of today’s human resource Personnel, one of the main functions that needs redress is the accuracy of the documentation pertaining to Job Descriptions, Performance Standards, and performance Evaluations or appraisals. In many organizations these documents are either outdated or non-existent. With the adoption of recent regulatory provisions, compliance to these regulations has becomes a major concern to HR departments everywhere. The availability and accuracy of these documents has become more critical to most organizations and their legal departments. Our group decided to analyze the aptness of these documents for one of our group member’s organizations as it pertains to his job responsibilities. The documentation pertaining to the Project Analyst position within this company was found to be outdated, cumbersome and incomplete with relation to the modern HR requirements. Much of the original documentation requirements were never used, did not exist, or did not pertain to this specific job. The following pages will document our objectives and solutions to these issues. Job Description A job description is simply a lis of responsibilities and functions that are required in a particular position. The original job description for te analyst positions was lenghthy but incomplete. As we discussed the form, we discovered it was possible to shorten the document and include pertinent information...